INTRODUCTION:

The loss of a tooth is a traumatic experience. Whether equal cases peridon or trauma with the immediate implant dentistry in technology and technique have come with An increasing patient awareness which has also meant that more and more patients want to seek implant dentistry as an option and growing marketing in the virtual space has resulted in many wanting immediate results as well. But as clinicians we are aware that edentulous patients do not come in standard packages and that we must address the clinical variables that are unique to each case before making a decision to bypass the normal implant restorative timeframes. Immediate implant dentistry ranges from immediate implant placement to non functional loading and progressive loading to complete function.

A clinical decision in this regard is often hard to make and if you do have to err. , I strongly recommend that you do so on the side of safety. When in doubt, opting to remain with conventional implant protocols is by far the best clinical decision. No patient can be a scientific experiment and we are ethically bound to help the patient make decisions that are in line with current scientific knowledge. Equally, if patient is unwilling to comply with the advice and chooses to opt for a risk that he fully comprehends, then that is also a choice that has to be respected.

There are various levels at which immediate intervention with implant dentistry may be considered and these are outlined below.

Immediate post extraction implant placement is very simply, the placement of an implant into a fresh extraction socket. It may or may not be accompanied by augmentative procedures. The approach to the restoration of this implant then throws up three possibilities, one option is to load this implant conventionally after osseo-integration has taken place (delayed loading), the second option is to load it with in two weeks with a restoration that is not under the impact of direct occlusal load (progressive loading). Alternatively you may choose to load this implant within 48 hours, a procedure referred to as immediate loading.

Of course, you may choose not to place an implant immediately after extraction at all and you may opt to place it after complete bone healing. At that point, you would again choose between the same options of immediate loading.

The criteria that drive a decision of choice between the various protocols above are vastly varied. More often than not, the decision is case based and may even be affected by the individual operator's skill level and experience.

The choice of immediate post Extraction Implant placement

Immediate implant placement after extraction has become a favoured treatment protocol with many clinicians worldwide. There are many advantages to this protocol, amongst them; shortened treatment time, placement of the implant in sound bundle bone that constitutes the socket wall, placement trajectory guidance by the socket and preservation of bone volume. A decision to place an implant in a fresh extraction socket must only be made if there is an absolute assurance of primary stability. An evaluation of the extracted root will often yield valuable information as to the length and diameter of the implant to be placed. Also important is an assessment of the trajectory of the socket-a malpositioned tooth would have a malposition trajectory often rendering the implant difficult to restore. The presence of infection might predispose the placed implant to failure and it is hence important to evaluate why the tooth is been extracted in the first place. There is also evidence to suggest that use of the right implant design is critical to success, tapered implants with rough surfaces may be more suitable. A simple case illustrated in Figure 1.

FIG 1.a: Preoperative labial view of tooth to be extracted		FIG 1.b: Occlusal view of fracturedendodontically treated tooth		FIG 1.c: Periotome assisted extraction for atraumatic technique		FIG 1.d:Extracted tooth root measured for determening socket depth
FIG 1.e:Post extraction view showing minimal damage to surrounding tissue also showing apical dehiscence		FIG 1.f:osteotomy, with deepening of extraction site & placement of implant Palatally repositioned		FIG 1.g:Placement of a tapered screw type implant placed and apaical dehiscence seen		FIG 1.h:Autogenous bone mixed with bios oss to fill up the defect
FIG 1.i:immediate post implant placement radiograph		FIG 1.j:primary closure achived after covering the graft with collagen membrane		FIG 1.k:Healing abutment		FIG 1.l:Customized abutment
FIG 1.m : Final restoration trin		FIG 1.n:Veneer preparation to close diastema		FIG 1.o:Final esthetic rehabitation		FIG 1.q:Final restoration in patients natural smile.

FIG 2.a :Pre-ope rative radiograph		FIG 2.b :A full thickness flap		FIG 2.c:Placement of Implant		FIG 2.d:Straight Abutment
FIG 2.e :Final restoration in occlusion

FIG 3.a :retained deciduous canine		FIG 3.b :atraumatic extraction of deciduous canine		FIG 3.c:extracted socket with minimal damage to surrounding tissue
FIG 3.d :placement of one piece implant		FIG 3.e :abutment of one piece implant left supra crestally		FIG 3.c :immediate provisional restoration out of Lateral Excursion